Similarity Matrix

http://www.softcodedlogic.com/ratebaseballplayers.htm

This is an example of a similarity matrix. A similarity matrix shows similarities between two variables. In this example we show the similarities in how players rated other baseball players. The similarities are  color coordinated, with similarities the more similar they are the greener the data box. The less similar data points grow more and more red. 

Stem and Leaf Plot

http://mainland.cctt.org/mathsummer/josephbond/stemandplots/stem-and-leaf_std.htm

This is an example of a stem and leaf plot. Stem and leaf plots are a form of organizing and compacting data sets. The stem is on the left and where the tens digit goes, and on the leaf side you put the ones digit of the number. The ones are organized in ascending order. This particular plot depicts the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births in Western African countries. The 14 resembles the 140 range, having 144, 147 and 148 deaths in certain countries. 

Box Plot

http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/boxplot.htm

This is an example of a box plot. The box plot is a graphical way to show many features of a set of data. The plot shows the Minimum and Maximum. Apart from the min and max the box plot shows the IQR, or Interquartile Range. The IQR consists of Q1, Q2, and Q3. Q2 is the median of the set of data, and Q1 is 25% below Q2 and Q3 is 25% above Q2. This specific box plot shows the energy output of four different machines. 

Histogram

http://www.math.kent.edu/~honli/teaching/statistics/Chapter2/Excell_Histogram.html

This is an example of a Histogram. A histogram is a bar graph where the bars do not have spaces between then and all the bars are of equal width. This specific histogram depicts the heights of twenty five different students. 

Parallel Coordinate Graph

http://eagereyes.org/techniques/parallel-coordinates

This is an example of a parallel coordinate graph. These graphs show data from multiple sets of numbers side by side. Each vertical line is a different object being measured. In this graph the relationships between MPG, cylinders, Horsepower, weight and the year of a vehicle. You can see that newer vehicles are using more cylinders and creating more horsepower than in the past. 

Triangular Plot

http://www.originlab.com/index.aspx?go=Products/Origin/Graphing/Ternary

This is an example of a Triangular Plot. Triangular plots show the relationship and ratios between 3 variables with a chart in the shape of an equilateral triangle. These plots are usually used to show sediment breakdowns or as is the case with this plot, the ratio of three different chemical compounds. 

Windrose

http://www.maine.gov/dep/air/meteorology/Windrosehome.html

This chart is a Windrose. A Windrose is a way to convey windspeed and direction in a given area. This chart shows the wind speed by color coordinating different speeds. The direction of the wind is given by the traditional cardinal directions. This Windrose shows the windspeed and direction in Maine. 

Climograph

http://www.usclimatedata.com/climate.php?location=USFL0316

This is an example of a Climograph. Climographs show data about the climate in a certain area. This graph shows the precipitation levels and temperatures each month in Miami. 

Population Profile

http://www.prb.org/Articles/2011/youth-egypt-revolt.aspx

This graph is an example of a population profile. Population profiles show the age distribution of a population, specifically in this graph represents the population distribution of Egypt. This map shows the age distribution of both males and females. 

Scatterplot

http://staff.argyll.epsb.ca/jreed/math9/strand4/4102.htm

This is an example of a scatterplot. Scatterplots are used to show correlations. In this case this plot shows how mean annual temp changes due to elevation in Nevada. As you increase in elevation, temperature decreases. Scatterplots are used a lot in scientific studies. 

Index Value Chart

https://www.google.com/finance?q=NASDAQ:MSFT&sa=X&ei=idbpUbS5EI_-4AO5iYBg&ved=0CDcQ2AE

This is an example of an index value plot. This graph plots the value of the microsoft stock throughout the day. 

Lorenz Curve

http://www.springerimages.com/Images/LifeSciences/1-10.1007_s12571-012-0174-3-3

This graph shows a Lorenz curve, which shows the unequal distribution between two variables. In this case it is the share of rural population vs the share of arable land. 

Bilateral Graph

http://www.msl.ri.cmu.edu/projects/teleop/

This is an example of a bilateral graph, which is a graph showing data for two variables on the same graph. In this case it shows the precision of how closely a robotic arm deemed a "slave" follows the "master" controlling the arm in a lego machine. 

Nominal Area Choropleth Map

http://www.argyrou.eclipse.co.uk/oxi-no/agreement.htm

This is an example of a Nominal Area Choropleth Map. This map shows data with no ranking hierarchy. This map shows the distribution of christians and muslims in an area of Turkey. 

Unstandardized Choropleth Map

http://www.uwec.edu/webprojects/geog367/northwoods/silent_sports.html

This is an example of an unstandardized choropleth map. This map shows the number of ski shops per 1000 people in the states of Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin. 

Standardized Choropleth Map

http://www.directionsmag.com/articles/choropleth-mapping-with-exploratory-data-analysis/123579

This is an example of a standardized choropleth map, showing calculated data. This map shows the population density per square kilometer of an area with six different classifying colors. 

Univariate Choropleth Map

http://www.directionsmag.com/articles/choropleth-mapping-with-exploratory-data-analysis/123579

This is an example of a Univariate Choropleth Map. This map shows data for one variable across an area, in this case data about population. 

Bivariate Choropleth Map

http://edndoc.esri.com/arcobjects/9.0/ComponentHelp/esriCarto/BiUniqueValueRenderer.htm

This map classifies as a bivariate map being that it shows data for two different variables on one map. This map shows land locked nations in Africa as well as the population of each country. 

Unclassed Choropleth Map

http://indiemaps.com/blog/2009/11/the-first-thematic-maps/

This is an example of an unclassed choropleth map, specifically this is a map made by Charles Dupin in 1826 and is regarded as the first choropleth map. This map is considered unclassed because it does not have a set number of color categories, it is grey scaled with many different classifications. 

Classed Choropleth Map

http://eps.mq.edu.au/courses/GEOS219/choropleth.htm

This is an example of a classed choropleth map with 6 levels of data classification and coloration. This map depicts deaths per 1,000 live births in Australia. 

Range Graded Proportional Circle Map

https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog486/book/export/html/1796

This map is a Range Graded Proportional circle map showing the same data but with two different symbols. Unlike continuously variable proportional circle maps this map has a set number of circles that can be used. This map shows the motor vehicle deaths in California, with five sizes of circles or cars covering all data numbers. 

Continuously Variable Proportional Circle Map

https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog486/book/export/html/1796

This is an example of Proportional circle map using Continuously Variable Proportional Circles. This map is actually the first time proportional circles were used in a map. This is the map Charles Joseph Minard created to show the proportion of different types of meat being sent to Paris Butcheries. In this style of proportional circle maps there is not a set number of circles, a circle is as big or little as the proportions call for. 

DOQQ

http://www.geology.enr.state.nc.us/doqq.html

This is an example of a DOQQ map or Digital Orthographic Quarter-Quads. This example of DOQQ maps is a false color Infrared photo that has been Orthorectified removing distortion from the photo. The ground features are displayed in their true position and allow for more accurate measurements of distance and positions. This specific example is of a DOQQ taken in North Carolina. 

DEM

http://www.hydroguam.net/map-topo-dem.php

This map is an example of a DEM, or Digital Elevation Model. This map shows elevation levels of Guam. The legend at the bottom gives a reference point as to what the different colors represent, and how elevations change in Guam. Some DEM's can be made in a 3-D format, but this example chose to colorize the map in order to bring out relief. 

DLG

http://www.dnr.sc.gov/GIS/descdlg.html

This is an example of a DLG or Digital Line Graph showing digital vector data as lines, points and areas. The map is of Beaufort, South Carolina and shows  streets in red and "hydrography" in blue. 

DRG

http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/factsheets/fs08801.html

This is an example of a DRG map. DRG stands for Digital Raster Graphics. This map is a scanned image of a U.S. Geological Survey standard series topographic map. 

Isopleth

http://www.flutrackers.com/forum/showthread.php?t=132504

This hypsometric map show the usage of Isopleths. The Isopleth is a contour line typically used for population based data. In this map the density of H1N1 deaths in California during 2009 is depicted. 

Isopach

http://science.nayland.school.nz/graemeb/yr10%20Science/geology/geology.htm

This is an example of a hypsometric map using Isopach contour lines. Isopachs show rock or sediment thickness in an area. This map shows the sediment thickness that resulted from the eruption of a volcano. The numbers are in centimeters, meaning near the eruption 500 cm or 5 meters of sediment was dispersed, and nearly 50km away from the eruption site an entire meter of sediment was deposited. 

Isohyets

http://app2.nea.gov.sg/training-knowledge-hub/publications/annual-weather-review-2011

This is an example of a hypsometric map utilizing Isohyet contour lines. Isohyets show the levels of rainfall in an area. This map shows the rainfall distribution of Singapore in 2011 in millimiters. 

Isotachs

http://www.erh.noaa.gov/gsp/localdat/cases/2010/4-6FebWinterStorm/4-6FebruaryWinterStorm.html

This Hypsometric map shows an example of the usage of Isotachs. Isotachs are used to convey wind speed and direction. The black contour lines lines are the isotachs. 

Isobars

http://german.about.com/library/bldwetter_iso01.htm

This is an example of a map with Isobars, which are used in hypsometric maps to show Air pressure levels. This map shows the air pressure levels across Europe and the contour lines are the Isobars showing varying pressures. 

LIDAR

http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s798.htm

This is an example of LIDAR imaging of downtown Manhattan. LIDAR creates 3-D images of areas via laser emissions as opposed to Doppler Radar which uses microwave radiation. This LIDAR technology is the same technology used in Police speed radars that we are all so fond of. 

Doppler Radar

http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s2097.htm

This is an example of the Doppler Radar view from Oklahoma City/Twin Lakes area. Doppler radar works by emitting microwave radiation from a given point and measures the time of arrival of reflected pulses from distant objects. Here it shows the severity of a storm which resulted in a tornado. The red areas are more severe in respect to the weather than the green areas. 

Black and White Aerial Photo

http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/urban-studies-and-planning/11-521-spatial-database-management-and-advanced-geographic-information-systems-spring-2003/index.htm


This is an example of a Black and White Aerial photo. This is similar to the infrared photo, but this style of photography captures the same wavelengths the human eye does. Contrast between land and water is more difficult to see, as well as differences between vegetation. Deductively thinking you can see that there is a river flowing through the city of Lawrence, MA, but it could very easily be a very wide and deformed slab of asphalt. Differentiating features cannot be observed as easily in black and white aerial photography.

Infrared Aerial Photo

http://www.achromaticplus.co.uk/index.php?page=infrared-aerial

This is an example of an Infrared Aerial photo of Moffett Field, California. This type of aerial photo is sensitive to light wavelengths that our eyes cannot see. Since we cannot see these wavelengths IR imagery uses false colors in order to allow us to distinguish areas in the photo. You can clearly see the difference between land and water, but you can also see differences in color where there are different types of vegetation on land. 

Cartographic Animation

http://www.scottbot.net/HIAL/?p=23676

This is an example of a Cartographic animation. Specifically this is the projection of the path Hurricane Ike was likely to take in 2008. The animation is an interactive way of forecasting weather to the public and allows those in threatened areas to prepare accordingly for incoming weather. 

Statistical Map

http://www3.uakron.edu/src/DataServ/Abstract/

This is an example of a Statistical map. This map shows the statistics of persons who commute to work via private vehicle. There is a clear dominance of private car usage almost everywhere in the United States except in New York and Alaska 

Cartogram

http://amphibiaweb.org/amphibian/cartograms/

This is an example of a cartogram, which is a map that substitutes a different standard of measure for distance or area. This specific cartogram shows the distribution of amphibians around the world, and the true area of the country is distorted based on the distribution of amphibians in the area. You can clearly see the differences between North America and South America, where Brazil is much larger than the entire continent North America and Europe combined. This is because of the vast amount of Rainforest riddled with amphibians. 

Flow Map

http://www.spokanestreetdepartment.org/flowmaps.htm

This is an example of a Flow map. Specifically this is a traffic flow map of the city of Spokane, Washington. The flow map shows linear movement between places, and the width of the lines is proportional to the quantity of traffic. Colors also distinguish between the road type. Interstates are shaded in grey and are the widest lines, followed by the black lines of the highways.

Isoline Map

http://www.examiner.com/slideshow/siberian-like-air-masses-invading-the-u-s#slide=57845256

This is an example of an Isoline map. The blue isolines convey numerical data for continuous distributions by joining points of equal value, in this case wind chill temperatures. Maps like this make me that much more thankful I live in Florida where -25 degree weather will never be a factor for me. 

Proportional Circle Map

http://www.neiu.edu/~nerobert/391/cartographic.htm

This is an example of a Proportional Circle Map. This map type is a point pattern map similar to the dot density map, but the data is mapped with a circle instead of dots. The size of the circle relates to measured variability and not to the area over which it is measured. In this map the dots represent the number of people of German decent in the Chicago, Illinois area. 

Choropleth Map

http://my.ilstu.edu/~jrcarter/Geo204/Choro/

This is an example of a Choropleth map. This map type shows areal data that is areally averaged, meaning the information data is averaged across an area, in this case it is averaged for an entire state. This map shows us the number of males for every 100 females in every state, and the variation is shown via color shading.

Dot Distribution Map

http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/standard/geography/population/distribution_density/revision/1/

This is an example of a Dot Distribution Map. Dots are used to describe a specific quantity, in this case one dot equals 100,000 people. This map shows the distribution of population density around the world. In this case the dots are non-proportional, meaning that the dot does not increase in size for areas with more people, simply more dots are placed in areas if there are more people there.

Hypsometric Map

http://my.ilstu.edu/~jrcarter/LDEO/Geo201maps.htm

This is an example of a hypsometric map, which is a surface map (2-D map) with relief shown (3-D features). The feature being represented in this map is that of elevation. It shows both elevation above and below sea level of the entire world via color shading. The darker red the shading the higher the elevation above sea level, while the darker blue the shading is than the deeper the ocean stretches. 

PLSS Map

http://iagenweb.org/harrison/twp/rangemap.htm


This is an example of a PLSS map, or Public Land Survey System. This is a systematic type of cadastral map. You can easily see where the land is partitioned in multiple levels. First by the red lines, where the east west lines are called baselines and the lines running north and south are called the principal meridian. The area these lines enclose are further divided into 36 one square mile "townships". This specific map is the PLSS of Harris County, Iowa.

Cadastral Map

http://www.irlandeses.org/sanpedrophoto.htm

This is an example of a cadastral map showing the partitioning of land ownership. This specific map shows the land ownership of the city of San Pedro in Argentina near Buenos Aires. The land area is clearly partitioned and a line of latitude is shown to give spatial relationships.

Thematic Map

http://www.excelcharts.com/blog/how-to-create-thematic-map-excel/

This is an example of a thematic map, being that it shows information on a topic superimposed over a base map. In this case the topic being population density of the United States. This map can also qualify as a Choropleth map, showing areal divisions of census tracts. The data shown is quantitative ratio data. 

Topographic Map

http://www.adirondacknorthway.com/mappages/mount_marcytopo.php

This map is an example of a topographic. Topographic maps are an example of hypsometric maps. It is a topographic map of a mountain range. It can be deemed a topographic map because it is map that captures the three dimensional aspect of the terrain on a two dimensional surface. The use of contour lines allows for the interpretation of the terrestrial elevation. When these lines are close together, the change in elevation is large over a very short distance, while lines that are more spread out the amount of change in elevation is smaller. 

Planimetric Map

http://www.landsat.com/tallahassee-florida-street-map-1270600.html

This is an example of a planimetric map of Tallahassee. It is a surface map with no relief features. Two dimensional information is shown.